The sestet's rhyme pattern varies, though it is most often either "cde cde" (Italian sestet) or "cdc dcd" (Sicilian sestet). The octave is composed of two envelope quatrains rhyming "abba abba" (Italian octave).
Italian (Petrarchan)- this sonnet is split into two parts, an octave and a sestet. This change in the poem is called the turn and helps move forward the emotional action of the poem quickly, as fourteen lines can become too short too fast. The sonnet can be thematically divided into two sections: the first presents the theme, raises an issue or doubt, and the second part answers the question, resolves the problem, or drives home the poem's point. From there, Shakespeare made the sonnet famous in England and others followed his lead. Petrarch developed the sonnet to one of its highest levels during early Renaisannce Italy, but it wasn't translated into English until the sixteenth century. 
Though the sonnet is a form that can be experimented with, it has remained true to its original length of fourteen lines and its Anglicized meter of iambic pentameter. Sonnets were first written in Italian and were traditionally love poems.
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